Places in decline, are not left behind, they are kept behind, by decades of neglect, under-development, lack of investment and misguided policies said Professor Simin Davoudi, from

Peoples’ lives exceed administrative borders. They live, work and travel from one place to the other: They may live in a town and work in a near big city, they may enjoy cycling in a forest of their neighbouring region or go for shopping at the mall next to the borders.

On 29 March 2019, the Minister of Spatial Planning, Claude Turmes, visited the premises of the ESPON European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC